Sculpting with formwork – béton brut in the architecture of the Bunkier Sztuki Contemporary Art Gallery in Kraków
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Szkoła Doktorska przy Wydziale Historycznym, Uniwersytet Gdański, Polska
Submission date: 2025-08-31
Final revision date: 2025-11-04
Acceptance date: 2025-11-05
Publication date: 2026-04-15
Corresponding author
Weronika Stasińska
Szkoła Doktorska przy Wydziale Historycznym, Uniwersytet Gdański, Polska
KAiU 2025;LXX(4):86-109
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ABSTRACT
Le Corbusier’s innovative use of raw concrete opened a new path in the imagination of many architects. ‘Béton brut’, a term used in many different ways and material obtained in many different ways, has become part of the architectural landscape in many countries around the world. An example of its application can also be found in Kraków – the building of the Bunkier Sztuki [Bunker of Art] Contemporary Art Gallery. Classical in its modern character, the modernist, cubic structure, built according to a design by Krystyna Tołłoczko-Różyska, has facades designed by sculptors Stanisław Borzęcki and Antoni Hajdecki. Thanks to their unusual form and sculptural qualities, the exterior walls of the Bunkier Sztuki create a specific, multisensory relationship between the building and the viewer. They also make it possible to classify the building as one of the works created in the spirit of Brutalist architecture. The innovative solution stemmed from the artists’ experience in working with wood, gained at Państwowe Liceum Technik Plastycznych [the State Secondary School of Visual Art Techniques] in Zakopane (previously Państwowa Szkoła Przemysłu Drzewnego – the State School of Wood Industry). Combined with the plasticity of concrete, the result was one of the boldest and most expressive buildings in Krakow, which skilfully meanders between tradition and modernity.